In addition, we found that E.d administration increased the expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokines, including IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6, TNF-α, and IFN-γ in the animals, regardless of AOM/DSS treatment, though some of which failed to reach statistical significance ( Fig. 5A ).
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Gut commensal bacteria influence colorectal cancer development by modulating immune response in AOM/DSS-treated mice.
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