Single-cell analysis of the decidua unveils the mechanism of anti-inflammatory exosomes for chorioamnionitis in nonhuman primates.

Notably, we found that the number of BCL2A1-positive cells, a surrogate marker of neutrophil infiltration and survival in the EPM ( 20 ), increased in the LPS-injected group compared with that in the saline-injected group; however, this difference did not reach statistical significance due to the small sample size.

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Notably, we observed a decreasing trend in neutrophil infiltration and the expression of B-cell lymphoma 2-related protein A1 (BCL2A1), a marker of the presence of inflammatory neutrophils in the choriodecidua ( 20 ), and CD68 + macrophages, with significant changes in their composition, in the EPM following Exo-srIκB administration. scRNA-seq analysis of decidua tissues highlighted macrophages and neutrophils as primary target cells to the treatment, which exhibited significant attenuation of LPS-induced surge in inflammatory M1 macrophages and neutrophils, alongside a downshift in inflammatory response–related gene expressions.

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We observed an increasing trend in the proportion of classical monocytes and a decreasing trend in nonclassical monocytes in the LPS-stimulated group compared to the saline-injected group.

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