Construction and validation of a risk prediction model for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD): a cross-sectional study based on the NHANES database from 2009 to 2018.

BMC Pulm Med · 2025 · PMC12225070 · PMID 40611010

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a negative trendno p-value reported

Higher total protein levels were generally associated with lower predicted COPD risk, with SHAP values showing a negative trend.

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