Prophylactic Inhaled Antibiotics for Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Incidence and Mortality Outcomes.

Lung · 2025 · PMC12228672 · PMID 40617974

Europe PMC DOI

hedged sentence

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closest p

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boldest claim

The sentences

nominally significantno p-value reported

For VAP incidence, the cumulative z -curve crossed the conventional significance boundary early, indicating a nominally significant benefit, but did not cross the more conservative O’Brien–Fleming monitoring boundary.

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