Serum vitamin E and cardiovascular diseases risk: a J-shaped association in a large cross-sectional study.

BMC Cardiovasc Disord · 2025 · PMC12228996 · PMID 40618063

Europe PMC DOI

hedged sentences

0.1422

closest p · 2.8× alpha

0.1422

boldest claim

The sentences

did not reach statistical significanceP = 0.1422not close (p > 0.1)

At low concentrations (below 85.24 μg/dL), although the OR suggested a potential protective trend (OR: 0.968, 95% CI: 0.926–1.011), this association did not reach statistical significance ( P = 0.1422), indicating no conclusive evidence of risk reduction.

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an increasing trendno p-value reported

Specifically, lower concentrations of serum vitamin A were associated with a gradual decrease in CVDs incidence, whereas higher concentrations showed an increasing trend, forming a J-shaped relationship.

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Quoted from the open-access full text in Europe PMC under the licence the publisher applied. The sentence is reproduced exactly as published; the emphasis is ours.