Relationship between uric acid to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio and sarcopenia in NHANES: exploring the mediating role of bilirubin and association with all-cause mortality.

However, after adjusting for all covariates, UHR maintained a positive association with all-cause mortality in sarcopenia patients (HR = 1.023; 95% CI: 0.990–1.056), though this association did not reach statistical significance ( P = 0.173).

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Further analyses revealed a positive trend between elevated UHR and all-cause mortality in sarcopenia patients, though this association did not reach statistical significance after multivariable adjustment ( P > 0.05), suggesting the need for larger-scale validation of its predictive value.

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However, given the borderline significance and absence of significant differences in other subgroups, these findings should be interpreted with caution.

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The results demonstrated a borderline significant age-specific interaction ( P for interaction = 0.048), suggesting that the association between UHR and sarcopenia may vary by age group, with a stronger association observed in participants aged < 40 years (OR = 1.078; 95% CI 1.053–1.103; P < 0.001) compared to those ≥ 40 years (OR = 1.041; 95% CI 1.013–1.069; P = 0.005).

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