Caffeinated chewing gum produces comparable strength and power gains to capsules with fewer side effects in resistance-trained men.

J Int Soc Sports Nutr · 2025 · PMC12243013 · PMID 40631405

Europe PMC DOI

hedged sentence

0.0850

closest p · 1.7× alpha

0.0850

boldest claim

The sentences

showed a trendp = 0.085so close (0.05 < p ≤ 0.1)

CG showed a trend toward a larger 1RM (+2.1 ± 5.0%, p = 0.085, d = 0.11) in the bench press and a significant improvement in the back squat (+5.0 ± 6.0%, p = 0.003, d = 0.39) compared to PG ( Figure 3 ).

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