Although the difference in mean vitamin D levels between IBD patients and healthy controls (−1.16 ng/mL) did not reach statistical significance, the analysis revealed substantial heterogeneity across studies (I 2 = 97.3%), suggesting variability in study designs and populations [ 30 ].
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The Role of Vitamin D in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: From Deficiency to Targeted Therapeutics and Precise Nutrition Strategies.
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