Less Invasive Surfactant Administration Versus Intubate-Surfactant-Extubate: Associated With Reduced Mechanical Ventilation in Extremely Preterm Infants.

97%) and showed a trend toward lower naloxone use (Table S3 ). 3.4 Secondary Outcomes There were no differences between the groups in rates of pulmonary haemorrhage, pneumothorax, NEC grade 3, PDA, IVH (grade 3–4), ROP (grade 3 or higher), moderate to severe BPD or mortality (Table 2 ).

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However, after adjusting for confounders, we observed only borderline significance in the reduction in MV in the first 72 h after the procedure.

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