A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis on Long-Term Exposure to Particulate Matter and All-Cause and Cause-Specific Mortality in the Asia-Pacific States.

J Korean Med Sci · 2025 · PMC12260597 · PMID 40662655

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marginally significantno p-value reported

However, the pooled effect of meta-analysis on the association between PM 2.5 and all-cause mortality in the elderly population was marginally significant (RR, 1.09; 95% CI, 0.99–1.21).

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did not reach statistical significanceno p-value reported

Regarding respiratory, COPD, and ALRI mortality, we observed a marginal association with an increase in PM 2.5 , although it did not reach statistical significance.

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Quoted from the open-access full text in Europe PMC under the licence the publisher applied. The sentence is reproduced exactly as published; the emphasis is ours.