Causal Relationships Between Dietary Habits, Gut Microbiota, Metabolites, Serum Proteins and Laboratory Biomarkers in Kidney Stone Formation: A Mendelian Randomisation Study.

An FDR value below 0.05 was deemed highly significant [ 18 , 19 ]. 2.5 Mediation MR Analysis This research considered various causes of kidney stones, highlighting diet as a primary influence on gut microbiota, blood metabolites, plasma proteins and lab results.

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The traditional MR technique, inverse variance‐weighted (IVW) method, was employed to estimate effects, presented as beta (β) values with standard errors for continuous outcomes and odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) for binary outcomes; p values less than 0.05 were deemed nominally significant.

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