Effect of triple therapy on mortality and cardiovascular risk in patients with moderate to severe COPD: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

BMC Pulm Med · 2025 · PMC12276660 · PMID 40684148

Europe PMC DOI

hedged sentences

0.0800

closest p · 1.6× alpha

0.0800

boldest claim

The sentences

a nonsignificant trendp = 0.08so close (0.05 < p ≤ 0.1)

Although BGF showed only a nonsignificant trend toward mortality reduction (RR = 0.77, 95% CI = 0.58–1.03, p = 0.08), it exhibited greater efficacy in reducing exacerbations (RR = 0.72 vs. non-BGF regimens) and cardiovascular risks.

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did not reach statistical significanceno p-value reported

A recent Bayesian network meta-analysis (NMA) further supports ICS/LAMA/LABA triple therapy as the optimal pharmacological strategy for reducing exacerbations and all-cause mortality in stable COPD patients, though its impact on cardiovascular mortality did not reach statistical significance [ 9 ].

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