Long-term growth and risk factors for crankshaft phenomenon following posterior hemivertebra resection with mono-segment fusion in congenital early-onset scoliosis.

scoliosis) did not reach statistical significance ( p = 0.417), although kyphoscoliosis was slightly more common in the crankshaft group (44.4%) compared to the non-crankshaft group (27.3%).

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Although these results do not reach statistical significance—likely due to small sample size—they suggest a possible trend toward higher crankshaft risk in thoracic sites.

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