Side bias behaviour in dogs (Canis familiaris) is influenced by task complexity.

Sci Rep · 2025 · PMC12284056 · PMID 40696039

Europe PMC DOI

hedged sentence

0.0570

closest p · 1.1× alpha

0.0570

boldest claim

The sentences

did not reach statistical significancep = 0.057so close (0.05 < p ≤ 0.1)

The difference between Sustained Pointing with blocked trial order (median = 2) and Momentary pointing with blocked trial order (median = 4) did not reach statistical significance (Z = 1.904, p = 0.057) and no difference was found between Sustained Pointing with blocked trial order and Momentary Pointing with random trial order (Z = 0.847, p = 0.382).

also in 111,027 other papers

Quoted from the open-access full text in Europe PMC under the licence the publisher applied. The sentence is reproduced exactly as published; the emphasis is ours.