Brushing With Charcoal Toothpastes on the Surface Properties of a Giomer: A Comparative In-Vitro Study.

Cureus · 2025 · PMC12296920 · PMID 40718199

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showed a trendno p-value reported

Both nanofilled and nanohybrid materials showed a trend of increasing hardness throughout simulated brushing.

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an unexpected trendno p-value reported

There was an unexpected trend of either decreasing roughness or roughness values that were not statistically different from baseline to six months.

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Quoted from the open-access full text in Europe PMC under the licence the publisher applied. The sentence is reproduced exactly as published; the emphasis is ours.