Differential survival outcomes in upper versus lower extremity metastatic bone disease: a retrospective comparative cohort analysis.

Based on our findings, we propose that future survival models may be improved by incorporating the anatomical site of metastasis as a stratifying factor. Previous studies have found a trend of worse prognosis in lower MBDex; however, these studies often did not reach statistical significance due to relatively small sample sizes and patient heterogeneity [ 37 , 38 ].

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