Barely Significant
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Evaluation of Cytokine Profile in Canine Malignant Oral Melanoma.

Vet Sci · 2025 · PMC12300486 · PMID 40711287

2
hedged sentences
0.0420
closest p · 0.8× alpha
0.0420
boldest claim

The sentences

showed a trendp = 0.042actually significant
IL-6, IL-10, and IL-15 concentrations showed a trend towards higher levels in the amelanotic OMM samples (4.22 pg/mL and 0.74 pg/mL, p = 0.042; 13.21 pg/mL and 1.67 pg/mL, p = 0.038; 3.89 pg/mL and 0.71 pg/mL, p = 0.066, respectively; Table 11 ).

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a trend towards significanceno p-value reported
Although both differences did not result in the threshold value of significance, which is a p value < 0.05, the small sample size should be taken into consideration, with the statistical analysis showing p values between 0.05 to 0.1, supporting a trend towards significance [ 17 , 18 ].

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