Higher p-Cresol sulfate and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α levels are associated with cognitive improvement through increased TNF receptor 2 in individuals with mild cognitive impairment: A cross-sectional mediation analysis.

J Alzheimers Dis Rep · 2025 · PMC12301611 · PMID 40727257

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hedged sentences

0.0100

closest p · 0.2× alpha

0.0100

boldest claim

The sentences

approached significancep = 0.010actually significant

A modest but significant higher level was observed in MCI compared to AD dementia (p = 0.017), while differences between CN and MCI approached significance (p = 0.010).

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a trend toward significanceno p-value reported

The primary finding was that TNF-α levels were slightly higher in AD dementia than MCI, with a trend toward significance between CN and MCI.

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