Free prostate-specific antigen, total prostate-specific antigen, and their ratio associated with diabetic kidney disease: new evidence from male patients with diabetes in the United States.

Eur J Med Res · 2025 · PMC12309217 · PMID 40739245

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a significant trendno p-value reported

The FPSA/TPSA ratio also demonstrated a significant trend in both unadjusted and fully adjusted models, with the highest tertile (36.0–51.0) being associated with an increased risk of DKD (unadjusted OR: 2.32, 95% CI 1.75–3.08, p < 0.001; adjusted OR: 2.16, 95% CI 1.60–2.91, p < 0.001).

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