a significant trendp < 0.05
Additionally, we observed a significant trend toward an increase in IL-1β levels in the 3-NP group compared to the CFA-only group ( t (8) = 2.464, p < 0.05; Fig. 7 C) and a non-significant downward trend compared to the Vehicle group ( t (8) = 2.232, p = 0.056).