Association between blood heavy metal levels and COPD risk: a cross-sectional study based on NHANES data.

Front Public Health · 2025 · PMC12313667 · PMID 40756396

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a significant trendno p-value reported

Conclusion This study highlights that a significant association was observed between blood levels of Cd and Pb and the likelihood of developing COPD, with a significant trend across exposure quartiles.

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