Association between inflammatory bowel disease and the risk of liver cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Clin Exp Med · 2025 · PMC12316779 · PMID 40750937

Europe PMC DOI

hedged sentences

0.0972

closest p · 1.9× alpha

0.0972

boldest claim

The sentences

did not reach statistical significancep = 0.0972so close (0.05 < p ≤ 0.1)

An elevated risk was also observed among patients with Crohn’s disease (CD) (RR = 1.78; 95% CI: 1.21–2.62), although this result did not reach statistical significance ( p = 0.0972).

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marginally significantno p-value reported

Although this trend was marginally significant, it suggests that improvements in diagnostic methods and treatment strategies over time might be contributing to a reduction in liver cancer risk for IBD patients.

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Quoted from the open-access full text in Europe PMC under the licence the publisher applied. The sentence is reproduced exactly as published; the emphasis is ours.