Temporal trends in cross-country inequalities of permanent caries burden from 1990 to 2021: a secondary analysis of the global burden of disease study 2021.

BMC Oral Health · 2025 · PMC12329945 · PMID 40770636

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a decreasing trendno p-value reported

an increasing trendno p-value reported

A negative EAPC value indicates a decreasing trend, while a positive EAPC value indicates an increasing trend.

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did not reach statistical significanceno p-value reported

However, at the national level, a negative correlation was observed ( r = -0.31, p < 0.001), yet it did not reach statistical significance (Fig. 4 C).

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Quoted from the open-access full text in Europe PMC under the licence the publisher applied. The sentence is reproduced exactly as published; the emphasis is ours.