A comparative analysis of the role of containment policies, vaccination strategies and virus variants in the COVID-19 pandemic across nine European countries.

Thanks to the increasing immunity of the population due to the combined effects of vaccinations and previous exposures, and to the diffusion of the Omicron variant that seemed to be less severe although highly contagious 33 , hospitalizations and deaths showed a decreasing trend.

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Vaccination data also shows some significant coefficients, however their relevance is probably low as vaccinations started at the end of the year, therefore the data points are not sufficient to show a significant trend. 2021 The central year of the pandemic was the most eventful one, as several waves of infections and new variants came in a period in which vaccinations were becoming gradually more diffuse.

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