Effects of Massages Administered by Spouses on Labor Pain and Delivery Duration among Primiparous Women.

SAGE Open Nurs · 2025 · PMC12334820 · PMID 40786835

Europe PMC DOI

hedged sentence

0.0700

closest p · 1.4× alpha

0.0700

boldest claim

The sentences

did not reach statistical significancep = .07so close (0.05 < p ≤ 0.1)

Although the difference in pain relief medication use between the experimental and control groups did not reach statistical significance ( p = .07), the observed trend may still hold clinical relevance.

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