Effects of electrical and magnetic stimulation on upper extremity function after stroke: A systematic review and network meta-analysis.

PM R · 2025 · PMC12345400 · PMID 40396624

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High‐frequency TMS (≥5 Hz) showed a trend toward greater FMA improvement than low‐frequency TMS (≤1 Hz), with USMDs of 10.6 (95% CI, 4.7–16.5) and 4.07 (95% CI, −1.12 to 9.26), respectively (Appendix 7F,G in Data S1 ).

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