Relationship between gastroesophageal reflux and chronic kidney disease: A meta-analysis of 4 million patients.

Saudi J Gastroenterol · 2025 · PMC12352809 · PMID 40485438

Europe PMC DOI

hedged sentences

0.0750

closest p · 1.5× alpha

0.0750

boldest claim

The sentences

did not reach statistical significanceP = 0.075so close (0.05 < p ≤ 0.1)

Similarly, Bacci and Chehter[ 25 ] reported a higher prevalence of GERD in the control group (without CKD) than in the CKD and HD groups, although this did not reach statistical significance ( P = 0.075).

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marginally significantno p-value reported

Conclusion: This meta-analysis reveals a marginally significant association between CKD and GERD, highlighting higher prevalence of GERD among individuals with CKD.

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