Association Between Menopause Age and Estradiol-Based Hormone Therapy With Cognitive Performance in Cognitively Normal Women in the CLSA.

15,43 Of interest, the KEEPS trial found that transdermal E2 was associated with less steep declines in verbal memory compared with oral CEEs, although this association did not reach statistical significance. 43 Furthermore, the transdermal E2–treated group in their cohort had more white matter hyperintensities and a greater proportion of APOE ε4 carriers than the placebo group at baseline, which may have masked the beneficial effects of transdermal E2. 15 Furthermore, it is possible that our results differ from those of the KEEPS study because they did not control for the age at menopause in their analysis.

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