Identification of the IFN-γ/IL-4 ratio as a prognostic biomarker and development of an immune-related prognostic model in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.

Age > 60 years ( p = 0.055) and CD8 + T-cell counts ≤ 245/ul ( p = 0.034) showed borderline significance for OS prediction.

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Surprisingly, in our study we further observed that elevated peripheral blood CD8 + T cell counts at initial diagnosis were associated with improved PFS and OS, although the adjusted p-value did not reach statistical significance.

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While age demonstrated only marginal significance for OS in our study, we retained it in the new model due to its well-established prognostic role in DLBCL and widespread incorporation into existing risk stratification systems.

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