Impact of Seasonal PM<sub>2.5</sub> Exposure on Metabolic and Hormonal Profiles in Healthy Individuals and Individuals with Metabolic Syndrome in Chiang Mai, Thailand.

Toxics · 2025 · PMC12390112 · PMID 40863890

Europe PMC DOI

hedged sentence

0.0510

closest p · 1.0× alpha

0.0510

boldest claim

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near-significantp = 0.051so close (0.05 < p ≤ 0.1)

In healthy individuals, leptin ( p = 0.014) and HOMA-IR ( p = 0.036) significantly increased during the low-exposure season, while insulin showed a near-significant rise ( p = 0.051).

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Quoted from the open-access full text in Europe PMC under the licence the publisher applied. The sentence is reproduced exactly as published; the emphasis is ours.

Impact of Seasonal PM&lt;sub&gt;2.5&lt;/sub&gt; Exposure on Metabolic and Hormonal Profiles in Healthy Individuals and Individuals with Metabolic Syndrome in Chiang Mai, Thailand.

The sentences

Impact of Seasonal PM<sub>2.5</sub> Exposure on Metabolic and Hormonal Profiles in Healthy Individuals and Individuals with Metabolic Syndrome in Chiang Mai, Thailand.