Opioid-sparing multimodal analgesia for post-craniotomy pain: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.

A highly significant difference in sedation scores was observed between the groups at 30 min, 1 h, and 4 h ( P < 0.001).

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Adverse effects such as pruritus, respiratory depression, and bronchospasm were observed only in Group O (6.7–10%) but did not reach statistical significance (Table 4 ).

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