Gastrointestinal flora and serum metabolomic elucidation of <i>Astragali Radix</i> water decoction intervention in subclinical bovine mastitis.

Slight increases in lactose and TS were observed in AR_H and AR_M groups, though these trends did not reach statistical significance ( Figures 3D–F ). 3.4 Effects of ARWD on serum inflammatory cytokines in SCBM cows As shown in Figure 4 , IL-6 expression in the AR_H group was significantly reduced post-intervention compared to pre-treatment ( P < 0.01).

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