Higher plasma dicarbonyl levels are associated with liver fibrosis in obese individuals.

Interaction analyses between dicarbonyls and sex for fibrosis category revealed a borderline significant interaction for MGO × sex ( p = 0.05, OR = 0.51, 95% CI: 0.25–1.00), a significant interaction for GO × sex ( p = 0.002, OR = 0.42, 95% CI: 0.24–0.72), and no significant interaction for 3‐DG × sex ( p = 0.46, OR = 0.80, 95% CI: 0.45–1.44).

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Dicarbonyls and liver fibrosis MGO and GO levels were significantly associated with the presence of liver fibrosis; this association remained significant in the subgroup of individuals without diabetes (Figure 1 ), while a similar trend was observed for 3‐DG levels, but the association did not reach statistical significance (Figure 1 ).

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Notably, age and insulin resistance (HOMA‐IR) emerged as highly significant predictors of MASLD, MASH, and steatosis (data not shown).

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