did not reach statistical significancep = 0.0541
In our study, preoperative lactate levels showed a significant correlation with the GERAADA score (Spearman’s ρ = 0.267, p = 0.000518), while the correlation with EuroSCORE II was weaker and did not reach statistical significance (Spearman’s ρ = 0.15, p = 0.0541) ( Fig. 5 ).