Clinical outcomes of robot-assisted vs. conventional free-hand technique in spine surgery.

Front Surg · 2025 · PMC12411553 · PMID 40919125

Europe PMC DOI

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did not reach statistical significanceno p-value reported

The B value at one month post-surgery was −2.22, with a P value of 0.2598, indicating that pain levels decreased at one month but did not reach statistical significance.

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