Targeting Hepatic Stellate Cell PD-L1 Alters Liver Inflammation and Fibrosis in CCl<sub>4</sub> Liver Injury Mouse Model.

For the 14 downregulated cytokines/chemokines identified from un-stimulated HSCs, 7 had downregulated transcripts in response to PD-L1 knockdown (CXCL1, CXCL12, VCAM1, VEGFA, angiopoietin-1 [ANGPT1], thrombospondin 1 [THBS1], and IL18BP) ( P < .05) and 4 had unchanged transcripts ( P > .05) (CXCL5, FGF-7, GM-CSF, and angiogenin), whereas 3 had upregulated transcripts, although the increases did not reach statistical significance (LIF, CCL5, and CCL7) ( P > .05) ( Figure 10 A ).

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