Time-course effects of cognitively engaging physical activity on executive function and self-control in younger school-aged children: a randomized controlled trial.

Front Psychol · 2025 · PMC12426270 · PMID 40949346

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0.0770

closest p · 1.5× alpha

0.0770

boldest claim

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approached significancep = 0.077so close (0.05 < p ≤ 0.1)

3.2.3 Cognitive flexibility Linear mixed-effects model analysis showed a time × group interaction effect that approached significance for cognitive flexibility [ F (2, 601.0) = 2.575, p = 0.077, ICC = 0.000], indicating a trend toward differential change patterns between groups across time points (see Figure 6 ).

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a trend toward significancep = 0.077so close (0.05 < p ≤ 0.1)

Results Linear mixed-effects models revealed significant time-by-group interaction effects for executive function components: inhibitory control ( p = 0.020, ICC = 0.057) and working memory ( p = 0.002, ICC = 0.054), with cognitive flexibility showing a trend toward significance ( p = 0.077, ICC = 0.000).

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