Immune Checkpoint Dysregulation in Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: A Prospective Study of sCTLA-4 and sPD-L1 as Biomarkers of Symptomatic Vasospasm.

Procedural interventions such as lumbar drainage, mechanical ventilation, decompressive craniotomy, and extraventricular drainage did not differ significantly between groups, although lumbar drain use approached significance (47% vs. 62%; p = 0.083).

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