Analyzing the Gaps in Breast Cancer Diagnostics in Poland-A Retrospective Observational Study in the Data Donation Model.

Diagnostics (Basel) · 2025 · PMC12428684 · PMID 40941615

Europe PMC DOI

hedged sentence

0.1530

closest p · 3.1× alpha

0.1530

boldest claim

The sentences

did not reach statistical significancep = 0.153not close (p > 0.1)

The difference did not reach statistical significance (Mann–Whitney U = 97, p = 0.153), and the effect size was small ( r = 0.24).

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