Prenatal Stress Rewires the Gut-Brain Axis: Long-Term, Sex-Specific Effects on Microbiota, Intestinal Barrier, and Hippocampal Inflammation.

Nutrients · 2025 · PMC12429922 · PMID 40944198

Europe PMC DOI

hedged sentences

0.0580

closest p · 1.2× alpha

0.1020

boldest claim

The sentences

showed a trendp = 0.058so close (0.05 < p ≤ 0.1)

In contrast, ZO-1 expression showed a trend toward downregulation in PNS animals compared to CTRLs ( p = 0.058).

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a positive trendp = 0.102not close (p > 0.1)

For example, “protective” bacteria such as Clostridia vadinBB60 group showed a positive trend with the SI ratio (ρ = 0.394, p = 0.102), as well as significant positive associations with the surface area and ZO-1 (ρ ≤ 0.510, p ≤ 0.050).

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