Acute Effects of Pelemir-Enriched Bread on Postprandial Glucose and Hormonal Responses in Adults with Obesity, Type 2 Diabetes, and Normal Weight: A Two-Phase Exploratory Study.

Nutrients · 2025 · PMC12430513 · PMID 40944207

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hedged sentences

0.0500

closest p · 1.0× alpha

0.0630

boldest claim

The sentences

borderline significantp = 0.050actually significant

VAS-based appetite ratings did not show significant changes in hunger, fullness, or desire to eat, but a borderline significant reduction was observed in prospective food consumption after pelemir-enriched bread ( p = 0.050).

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a marginal trendp = 0.051so close (0.05 < p ≤ 0.1)

Fasting C-peptide levels showed a marginal trend toward higher values on the day of pelemir-enriched bread consumption (median: 2.1 [0.7–7.1] ng/mL vs. 2.0 [0.6–4.1] ng/mL; p = 0.051).

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did not reach statistical significancep = 0.063so close (0.05 < p ≤ 0.1)

Similarly, fasting leptin levels appeared to be lower on the day of pelemir-enriched bread consumption (1005.0 [53.0–5251.0] pg/mL) than with regular bread (1347.0 [66.0–5877.0] pg/mL), although this did not reach statistical significance ( p = 0.063).

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