highly significantp < 0.001
There was a highly significant association between illiteracy among pregnant women and GDM (p < 0.001).
There was a highly significant association between illiteracy among pregnant women and GDM (p < 0.001).
BMI showed a borderline association (p = 0.063), suggesting that each unit increase in BMI may raise the odds by approximately 13.6%, although this did not reach statistical significance.