Comparative assessment of antibacterial drugs used at the hospital level before and during COVID-19, according to the WHO AWaRe classification.

The chi-square value of 5.77 with a p-value of 0.056 suggests a possible trend in changes in antibiotic consumption over the years; however, this result does not reach the conventional threshold for statistical significance (p < 0.05).

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Although statistical analysis did not confirm a significant trend in consumption shifts, the persistent underuse of “Access” antibiotics and overuse of “Watch” group agents points to critical deficiencies in antimicrobial stewardship.

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