Exploring the effects of theta burst stimulation on craving severity and biomarkers in patients with gambling disorder

Eur Psychiatry · 2025 · PMC12436921

Europe PMC

hedged sentences

0.1300

closest p · 2.6× alpha

0.3400

boldest claim

The sentences

did not reach statistical significancep = 0.13not close (p > 0.1)

The VAS scores of the active group decreased more than those of the sham group (active group: 53.3 to 17.9, sham group: 37.5 to 15.3), but the difference did not reach statistical significance ( p = 0.13).

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an increasing trendp = 0.34not close (p > 0.1)

a decreasing trendp = 0.54not close (p > 0.1)

Compared to the sham group, the active group showed a decreasing trend in hsCRP ( p = 0.54) and an increasing trend in free BDNF ( p = 0.34), but neither reached a statistically significant difference.

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