Constipation symptoms are associated with worse cognitive outcomes in older adults without dementia.

Front Nutr · 2025 · PMC12442423 · PMID 40969598

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hedged sentences

0.1000

closest p · 2.0× alpha

0.1000

boldest claim

The sentences

approached significancep < 0.1so close (0.05 < p ≤ 0.1)

The association between constipation symptoms and some cognitive domain-specific impairments approached significance, with p < 0.1, indicated by an asterisk (*) in Figure 2 .

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approached but did not reach significanceno p-value reported

Notably, the association between bowel movements occurring once every 3 days or longer and defecation difficulty approached but did not reach significance in the MCI group ( Supplementary Table S12 ).

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