Performance analysis and optimization of modulation techniques for underwater optical wireless communication in varied aquatic environments.

Sci Rep · 2025 · PMC12443977 · PMID 40962903

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a clear trendno p-value reported

Overall, Table 7 demonstrates a clear trend: as water turbidity increases, the required SNR for reliable communication rises, with higher-order modulations Like 64-QAM and 32-PSK being especially sensitive to changes in water type.

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