Barely Significant
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Response to intruder number is related to spontaneous quantity discrimination performance in a wild bird.

Behav Ecol · 2025 · PMC12449148 · PMID 40979804

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trending towards significanceP = 0.09so close (0.05 < p ≤ 0.1)
While there was no significant difference between these tracks in vigilance post-playback or in the number of songs sung post-playback (although post hoc analysis comparing the number of songs sung following the two-caller track and three-caller track was trending towards significance ( P = 0.09)), the finding that magpies sing significantly more songs following playback of three but not two callers suggests that they are able to distinguish between two and three callers.

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