Improvements in medical therapy and prognosis for patients with HFrEF following the 2021 ESC HF guidelines.

ESC Heart Fail · 2025 · PMC12450798 · PMID 40574622

Europe PMC DOI

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did not reach statistical significanceno p-value reported

For any ACEi/ARB/ARNI, an odds ratio of 0.77 still indicated a treatment effect but did not reach statistical significance.

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narrowly missed statistical significanceno p-value reported

Similar trends were observed in interaction analyses, where the interaction term between MRA use and guideline period in predicting 6‐month mortality narrowly missed statistical significance ( P for interaction = 0.052).

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