Sleep deprivation affects memory function, depression and anxiety-like behaviours in rats and mice: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Brain Commun · 2025 · PMC12455040 · PMID 40994825

Europe PMC DOI

hedged sentences

0.0540

closest p · 1.1× alpha

0.0540

boldest claim

The sentences

a trend towards significanceP = 0.054so close (0.05 < p ≤ 0.1)

Notably, only short-term SD was associated with increased anxiety levels in these animals, as indicated by a trend towards significance [short-term SD: P = 0.054, SMD (95% CI): −0.24 (−0.47, 0.00); long-term SD: P = 0.829, SMD (95% CI): −0.04 (−0.42, 0.34), as illustrated in Fig. 6A ].

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approached significanceno p-value reported

Nevertheless, the findings in mice approached significance, with the upper limit of the 95% CI being 0.04, which is nearly zero.

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