Developmental Changes in the Association Between Heart Rate Variability and Peer Success Across Early Elementary School.

Psychophysiology · 2025 · PMC12457816 · PMID 40988367

Europe PMC DOI

hedged sentences

0.0600

closest p · 1.2× alpha

0.0600

boldest claim

The sentences

borderline significantp = 0.06so close (0.05 < p ≤ 0.1)

This was qualified by the three‐way interaction between baseline HRV, teacher–child closeness, and grade, which was borderline significant ( b = −0.09, p = 0.06).

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approached conventional levels of significanceno p-value reported

The main finding was that associations between baseline HRV and peer success differed across early school years—specifically, support for the ES framework was found in kindergarten, whereas first grade findings trended toward supporting the ER framework, although results only approached conventional levels of significance.

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Quoted from the open-access full text in Europe PMC under the licence the publisher applied. The sentence is reproduced exactly as published; the emphasis is ours.